Leonardo Da Vinci took major strides by painting the Mona Lisa:
- developed sfumato = layering of thin, translucent glazes in the manner of smoke without lines or borders
- utilized single vanishing point perspective by creating "lines" in the background that all ended at a single point behind Mona's head
- started a trend of paintings that were hung on walls or displayed on easels
History of Photography
In 1826 French chemist Nicephore Niepce made the first photograph but his collaborator Louis J.M. Daguerre developed a more practical method for photography
Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot innovated the process even more after Daguerre by developing the negative photograph
There are types of photography as well:
- Travel Photography: professional photographers trekked the world to show others the wonders they had seen
- War Photography: professional photographers striving to show the true nature of war, Matthew Brady captured the brutal essence of the Civil War through 7,000 negatives
Impressionism
first total artistic revolution since Renaissance
represented immediate visual sensations through color and light
color was understood to be a permanent characteristic of an object but changes constantly according to the effects of light, reflection, or weather on object's surface
known for short, choppy brushstrokes used to capture fleeting essence of light
Post-Impressionism
desired to be more substantial than Impressionism in order to appear as "better planned" or more thought out
20th Century Modern Art
has greatest contrast with academic art then all other trends/movements
rejected the past, Modernism
Fauvism:
use of color was completely skewed and incorrect according to reality, public reacted hostilely
they were known as "wild beasts"
discovery and utilization of non-European tribal art which was to play an influential role in the development of modern art from then on
Cubism
major turning point in modern art, lasted only form 1908 to 1914
Analytic Cubism:
first of two phases
analyzed form of objects by shattering them into planes and fragments
Synthetic Cubism:
invented by Braque and Picasso, they incorporated stencils and paper clippings into their paintings
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